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华为零配置开局

约 2155 字大约 7 分钟

2026-03-03

在零配置设备部署场景中，如果用户指定配置文件，配置文件第一行需要指定版本号。版本号需要和软件大包的版本一致，否则可能会导致设备实际生效的配置与配置文件不一致

注意

所用文件名及说明

/home/config/为sftp服务器工作目录

/home/config/cfg/为交换机配置文件存放目录

交换机下载文件命名格式esn_ip.cfg

lswnet.cfg存放与sftp工作目录，文件内容中指定了交换机下载文件所在目录、下载内容，以及交换机唯一标识（esn或mac）

monitor_cfg.sh监控/home/config/cfg/目录下文件变化并更新lswnet.cfg文件

monitor_cfg.service以服务方式运行monitor_cfg.sh脚本

配置文件服务器

vim /home/config/lswnet.cfg
esn=xxxx;vrpfile=s57li_easy_V200R022C00.cc;vrpver=V200R022C00SPC100;patchfile=s57li_easy_V200R022C00.pat;cfgfile=/cfg/esn_ip.cfg;

配置DHCP

提示

将sftp服务器用户名、密码以及配置文件名下发至零配置开局交换机，配置文件中包含设备唯一标识及对应该设备的配置

ip pool easy-operation
 gateway-list x.x.x.
 network x.x.x.0 mask 255.255.255.0
 option 66 ascii sftp://tftpuser:password@192.168.4.6:10020
 option 146 ascii netfile=lswnet.cfg;

交换机下行口

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
 port link-type hybrid
 port hybrid pvid vlan 10
 port hybrid untagged vlan 10

更新lswnet.cfg文件

安装inotifywait

yum install inotify-tools

编写服务文件

vim /etc/systemd/system/monitor_cfg.service
[Unit]
Description=Directory Monitor for /home/config/cfg
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
ExecStart=/home/config/monitor_cfg.sh
Restart=always
RestartSec=5
User=root

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
  • 启用服务
systemctl daemon-reexec
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now monitory_cfg.service

monitor_cfg.sh脚本

#!/bin/bash

WATCH_DIR="/home/config/cfg"
TARGET_FILE="/home/config/lswnet.cfg"
LOG_FILE="/home/config/monitor.log"

echo "$(date) - Monitor started" >> "$LOG_FILE"

generate_cfg_index() {
  # 清空旧内容，重新生成 lswnet.cfg
  declare -a lines=()
  for file in "$WATCH_DIR"/*_*.cfg; do
    [[ -f "$file" ]] || continue
    base_name=$(basename "$file" .cfg)
    name_prefix=$(echo "$base_name" | sed -E 's/([a-zA-Z0-9]+)_([0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+)$/\1/')
    lines+=("esn=$name_prefix;cfgfile=cfg/$base_name.cfg")
  done

  printf "%s\n" "${lines[@]}" > "$TARGET_FILE"
  echo "$(date) - Regenerated: $TARGET_FILE" >> "$LOG_FILE"
}

while true; do
  inotifywait -m -r -e modify,create,delete,move "$WATCH_DIR" |
  while read path action file; do
    echo "$(date) - Detected: $action $file" >> "$LOG_FILE"
    generate_cfg_index
  done

  # inotifywait 异常退出后重启
  echo "$(date) - inotifywait exited, restarting in 5s..." >> "$LOG_FILE"
  sleep 5
done

上传交换机配置文件至sftp服务器

S5736.cfg

sysname {mgmt_ip}

vlan batch {all_vlan}
#
stp mode rstp
stp bpdu-protection
#
authentication-profile name default_authen_profile
authentication-profile name dot1x_authen_profile
authentication-profile name dot1xmac_authen_profile
authentication-profile name mac_authen_profile
authentication-profile name multi_authen_profile
authentication-profile name portal_authen_profile
authentication-profile name wsx
 dot1x-access-profile wsx
 mac-access-profile wsx
 access-domain wsx force
#
http server-source -i MEth0/0/1
#
radius-server template default
radius-server template wsx
 radius-server shared-key cipher 共享密钥
 radius-server authentication 10.1.1.1 1812 weight 100
 radius-server authentication 10.1.1.2 1812 weight 80
 radius-server accounting 10.1.1.1 1813 weight 100
 radius-server accounting 10.1.1.2 1813 weight 80
#
pki realm default
 certificate-check none
#
free-rule-template name default_free_rule
#
portal-access-profile name portal_access_profile
#
aaa
 authentication-scheme default
  authentication-mode local
 authentication-scheme wsx
  authentication-mode radius
 authentication-scheme radius
  authentication-mode radius
 authorization-scheme default
  authorization-mode local
 accounting-scheme default
  accounting-mode none
 domain default
  authentication-scheme radius
  accounting-scheme default
  radius-server default
 domain default_admin
  authentication-scheme default
  accounting-scheme default
 domain wsx
  authentication-scheme wsx
  accounting-scheme default
  radius-server wsx
 undo local-user password change-offline enable
 undo local-aaa-user change-password verify
 local-user {username} password irreversible-cipher {passwd} 
 local-user {username} privilege level 15
 local-user {username} service-type ssh
#
ntp-service server disable
ntp-service ipv6 server disable
ntp-service unicast-server 10.x.x.x
#
interface Vlanif1
#
interface Vlanif {mgmt_vlan}
 ip address {mgmt_ip} {netmask}
#
interface MEth0/0/1
 undo ip address 
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
 port link-type hybrid
 port hybrid pvid vlan {vlanid}
 undo port hybrid vlan 1
 port hybrid untagged vlan {vlanid}
 stp edged-port enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
 port link-type hybrid
 port hybrid pvid vlan {vlanid}
 undo port hybrid vlan 1
 port hybrid untagged vlan {vlanid}
 stp edged-port enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3
 port link-type hybrid
 port hybrid pvid vlan {vlanid}
 undo port hybrid vlan 1
 port hybrid untagged vlan {vlanid}
 stp edged-port enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/4
 port link-type hybrid
 port hybrid pvid vlan {vlanid}
 undo port hybrid vlan 1
 port hybrid untagged vlan {vlanid}
 stp edged-port enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/5
 port link-type hybrid
 port hybrid pvid vlan {vlanid}
 undo port hybrid vlan 1
 port hybrid untagged vlan {vlanid}
 stp edged-port enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/6
 port link-type hybrid
 port hybrid pvid vlan {vlanid}
 undo port hybrid vlan 1
 port hybrid untagged vlan {vlanid}
 stp edged-port enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/7
 port link-type hybrid
 port hybrid pvid vlan {vlanid}
 undo port hybrid vlan 1
 port hybrid untagged vlan {vlanid}
 stp edged-port enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/8
 port link-type hybrid
 port hybrid pvid vlan {vlanid}
 undo port hybrid vlan 1
 port hybrid untagged vlan {vlanid}
 stp edged-port enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/9
 port link-type hybrid
 port hybrid pvid vlan {vlanid}
 undo port hybrid vlan 1
 port hybrid untagged vlan {vlanid}
 stp edged-port enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/10
 port link-type hybrid
 port hybrid pvid vlan {vlanid}
 undo port hybrid vlan 1
 port hybrid untagged vlan {vlanid}
 stp edged-port enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/11
 port link-type hybrid
 port hybrid pvid vlan {vlanid}
 undo port hybrid vlan 1
 port hybrid untagged vlan {vlanid}
 stp edged-port enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/12
 port link-type hybrid
 port hybrid pvid vlan {vlanid}
 undo port hybrid vlan 1
 port hybrid untagged vlan {vlanid}
 stp edged-port enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/13
 port link-type hybrid
 port hybrid pvid vlan {vlanid}
 undo port hybrid vlan 1
 port hybrid untagged vlan {vlanid}
 stp edged-port enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/14
 port link-type hybrid
 port hybrid pvid vlan {vlanid}
 undo port hybrid vlan 1
 port hybrid untagged vlan {vlanid}
 stp edged-port enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/15
 port link-type hybrid
 port hybrid pvid vlan {vlanid}
 undo port hybrid vlan 1
 port hybrid untagged vlan {vlanid}
 stp edged-port enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/16
 port link-type hybrid
 port hybrid pvid vlan {vlanid}
 undo port hybrid vlan 1
 port hybrid untagged vlan {vlanid}
 stp edged-port enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/17
 port link-type hybrid
 port hybrid pvid vlan {vlanid}
 undo port hybrid vlan 1
 port hybrid untagged vlan {vlanid}
 stp edged-port enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/18
 port link-type hybrid
 port hybrid pvid vlan {vlanid}
 undo port hybrid vlan 1
 port hybrid untagged vlan {vlanid}
 stp edged-port enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/19
 port link-type hybrid
 port hybrid pvid vlan {vlanid}
 undo port hybrid vlan 1
 port hybrid untagged vlan {vlanid}
 stp edged-port enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/20
 port link-type hybrid
 port hybrid pvid vlan {vlanid}
 undo port hybrid vlan 1
 port hybrid untagged vlan {vlanid}
 stp edged-port enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/21
 port link-type hybrid
 port hybrid pvid vlan {vlanid}
 undo port hybrid vlan 1
 port hybrid untagged vlan {vlanid}
 stp edged-port enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/22
 port link-type hybrid
 port hybrid pvid vlan {vlanid}
 undo port hybrid vlan 1
 port hybrid untagged vlan {vlanid}
 stp edged-port enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/23
 port link-type hybrid
 port hybrid pvid vlan {vlanid}
 undo port hybrid vlan 1
 port hybrid untagged vlan {vlanid}
 stp edged-port enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/24
 port link-type hybrid
 port hybrid pvid vlan {vlanid}
 undo port hybrid vlan 1
 port hybrid untagged vlan {vlanid}
 stp edged-port enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/25
 port link-type hybrid
 port hybrid pvid vlan {vlanid}
 undo port hybrid vlan 1
 port hybrid untagged vlan {vlanid}
 stp edged-port enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/26
 port link-type hybrid
 port hybrid pvid vlan {vlanid}
 undo port hybrid vlan 1
 port hybrid untagged vlan {vlanid}
 stp edged-port enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/27
 port link-type hybrid
 port hybrid pvid vlan {vlanid}
 undo port hybrid vlan 1
 port hybrid untagged vlan {vlanid}
 stp edged-port enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/28
 port link-type hybrid
 port hybrid pvid vlan {vlanid}
 undo port hybrid vlan 1
 port hybrid untagged vlan {vlanid}
 stp edged-port enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/29
 port link-type hybrid
 port hybrid pvid vlan {vlanid}
 undo port hybrid vlan 1
 port hybrid untagged vlan {vlanid}
 stp edged-port enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/30
 port link-type hybrid
 port hybrid pvid vlan {vlanid}
 undo port hybrid vlan 1
 port hybrid untagged vlan {vlanid}
 stp edged-port enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/31
 port link-type hybrid
 port hybrid pvid vlan {vlanid}
 undo port hybrid vlan 1
 port hybrid untagged vlan {vlanid}
 stp edged-port enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/32
 port link-type hybrid
 port hybrid pvid vlan {vlanid}
 undo port hybrid vlan 1
 port hybrid untagged vlan {vlanid}
 stp edged-port enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/33
 port link-type hybrid
 port hybrid pvid vlan {vlanid}
 undo port hybrid vlan 1
 port hybrid untagged vlan {vlanid}
 stp edged-port enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/34
 port link-type hybrid
 port hybrid pvid vlan {vlanid}
 undo port hybrid vlan 1
 port hybrid untagged vlan {vlanid}
 stp edged-port enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/35
 port link-type hybrid
 port hybrid pvid vlan {vlanid}
 undo port hybrid vlan 1
 port hybrid untagged vlan {vlanid}
 stp edged-port enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/36
 port link-type hybrid
 port hybrid pvid vlan {vlanid}
 undo port hybrid vlan 1
 port hybrid untagged vlan {vlanid}
 stp edged-port enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/37
 port link-type hybrid
 port hybrid pvid vlan {vlanid}
 undo port hybrid vlan 1
 port hybrid untagged vlan {vlanid}
 stp edged-port enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/38
 port link-type hybrid
 port hybrid pvid vlan {vlanid}
 undo port hybrid vlan 1
 port hybrid untagged vlan {vlanid}
 stp edged-port enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/39
 port link-type hybrid
 port hybrid pvid vlan {vlanid}
 undo port hybrid vlan 1
 port hybrid untagged vlan {vlanid}
 stp edged-port enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/40
 port link-type hybrid
 port hybrid pvid vlan {vlanid}
 undo port hybrid vlan 1
 port hybrid untagged vlan {vlanid}
 stp edged-port enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/41
 port link-type hybrid
 port hybrid pvid vlan {vlanid}
 undo port hybrid vlan 1
 port hybrid untagged vlan {vlanid}
 stp edged-port enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/42
 port link-type hybrid
 port hybrid pvid vlan {vlanid}
 undo port hybrid vlan 1
 port hybrid untagged vlan {vlanid}
 stp edged-port enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/43
 port link-type hybrid
 port hybrid pvid vlan {vlanid}
 undo port hybrid vlan 1
 port hybrid untagged vlan {vlanid}
 stp edged-port enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/44
 port link-type hybrid
 port hybrid pvid vlan {vlanid}
 undo port hybrid vlan 1
 port hybrid untagged vlan {vlanid}
 stp edged-port enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/45
 port link-type hybrid
 port hybrid pvid vlan {vlanid}
 undo port hybrid vlan 1
 port hybrid untagged vlan {vlanid}
 stp edged-port enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/46
 port link-type hybrid
 port hybrid pvid vlan {vlanid}
 undo port hybrid vlan 1
 port hybrid untagged vlan {vlanid}
 stp edged-port enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/47
 port link-type hybrid
 port hybrid pvid vlan {vlanid}
 undo port hybrid vlan 1
 port hybrid untagged vlan {vlanid}
 stp edged-port enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/48
 port link-type hybrid
 port hybrid pvid vlan {vlanid}
 undo port hybrid vlan 1
 port hybrid untagged vlan {vlanid}
 stp edged-port enable
#
interface XGigabitEthernet0/0/1
 port link-type trunk
 port trunk allow-pass vlan {all_vlan}
#
interface XGigabitEthernet0/0/2
 port link-type trunk
 port trunk allow-pass vlan {all_vlan}
#
interface XGigabitEthernet0/0/3
 port link-type trunk
 port trunk allow-pass vlan {all_vlan}
#
interface XGigabitEthernet0/0/4
 port link-type trunk
 port trunk allow-pass vlan {all_vlan}
#
interface NULL0
#
undo icmp name timestamp-request receive
#
ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 {gateway}
#
snmp-agent
snmp-agent community read cipher 团体名
snmp-agent sys-info version v2c v3
undo snmp-agent protocol source-status all-interface
snmp-agent protocol source-interface Vlanif{mgmt_vlan}
undo snmp-agent protocol source-status ipv6 all-interface
#
stelnet server enable
ssh user {username}
ssh user {username} authentication-type password
ssh user {username} service-type stelnet
ssh server-source all-interface
#
command-privilege level 1 view shell display current-configuration
#
user-interface con 0
 authentication-mode password
 set authentication password cipher console密码
user-interface vty 0 4
 authentication-mode aaa
user-interface vty 16 20
#
dot1x-access-profile name dot1x_access_profile
dot1x-access-profile name wsx
#
mac-access-profile name mac_access_profile
mac-access-profile name wsx
#
ops
#
remote-unit
#
return

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